A New Case For an Eternally Old Universe

TL;DR

This paper proposes an alternative cosmological model where the universe is infinitely old, with galaxies losing mass, leading to accelerated expansion, and suggests that the observable universe is just a small part of an infinitely large, eternally collapsing universe.

Contribution

It introduces a Newtonian cosmology with mass loss due to radiation, proposing an infinitely old universe with zero mean density and explaining the cosmic microwave background as radiation from Eternally Collapsing Objects.

Findings

The universe can be infinitely old with accelerated expansion.

The microwave background is from ECOs, not a hot Big Bang.

The model's predictions match observed microwave luminosity of galactic center.

Abstract

We start with a new version of Newtonian cosmology by incorporating the fact that the galaxies are losing mass due to emission of radiation. This yields accelerated recession for the galaxies. We point out that in the presence of accelerated expansion, the universe can be infinitely old and suggest that the observable universe is only a speckle of the true universe. We argue that the mean density of the universe must be zero and the cosmic fluid comprises infinite number of such speckles separated by infinite distances. The Microwave Background radiation is shown to be just the sum of redshifted thermal radiation of Eternally Collapsing Objects (ECO), the so-called Black Hole Candidates.The hot photosphere of the ECOs cooks light elements the same way they are supposed to be produced in hot early universe. This universe with nested infinities has zero baryon number as it contains equal number of matter and antimatter atoms. The predicted microwave luminosity of the galactic centre ECO (Sgr A) nicely matches with the corresponding WMAP estimate (abridged).