90GHz and 150GHz observations of the Orion M42 region. A sub-millimeter to radio analysis

TL;DR

This study combines sub-millimeter to radio observations of the Orion M42 region at 90GHz and 150GHz with multi-frequency data to analyze free-free and thermal dust emissions, deriving new estimates of physical parameters.

Contribution

It introduces a novel method to estimate electron temperature from multi-frequency free-free emission data and combines various datasets for comprehensive modeling.

Findings

Estimated electron temperature Te = 11376K.

Derived dust temperature Td = 42K and spectral index Beta=1.3.

Model fits data from 1.5GHz to 854GHz using free-free and dust emission.

Abstract

We have used the new 90GHz MUSTANG camera on the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) to map the bright Huygens region of the star-forming region M42 with a resolution of 9" and a sensitivity of 2.8mJy/beam. 90GHz is an interesting transition frequency, as MUSTANG detects both the free-free emission characteristic of the HII region created by the Trapezium stars, normally seen at lower frequencies, and thermal dust emission from the background OMC1 molecular cloud, normally mapped at higher frequencies. We also present similar data from the 150GHz GISMO camera taken on the IRAM telescope. This map has 15" resolution. By combining the MUSTANG data with 1.4, 8, and 21GHz radio data from the VLA and GBT, we derive a new estimate of the emission measure (EM) averaged electron temperature of Te = 11376K by an original method relating free-free emission intensities at optically thin and optically thick frequencies. Combining ISO-LWS data with our data, we derive a new estimate of the dust temperature and spectral emissivity index within the 80" ISO-LWS beam toward OrionKL/BN, Td = 42K and Beta=1.3. We show that both Td and Beta decrease when going from the HII region and excited OMC1 interface to the denser UV shielded part of OMC1 (OrionKL/BN, Orion S). With a model consisting of only free-free and thermal dust emission we are able to fit data taken at frequencies from 1.5GHz to 854GHz.