Localization and Mass Spectra of Fermions on Symmetric and Asymmetric Thick Branes

TL;DR

This paper studies how fermions are localized and what their mass spectra look like on symmetric and asymmetric thick branes in a five-dimensional anti-de Sitter space, considering various interactions and brane structures.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of fermion localization and spectra on asymmetric thick branes with different inner structures, considering multiple fermion-brane interactions.

Findings

Fermion spectra include zero modes and continuous massive modes.

Inner brane structure significantly affects fermion localization.

Different couplings lead to varied bound state configurations.

Abstract

A three-parameter (positive odd integer $s$, thickness factor $\lambda$, and asymmetry factor $a$) family of asymmetric thick brane solutions in five dimensions were constructed from a two-parameter ($s$ and $\lambda$) family of symmetric ones in [R. Guerrero, R.O. Rodriguez, and R. Torrealba, Phys. Rev. D \textbf{72}, 124012 (2005).]. The values $s=1$ and $s\geq3$ correspond to single branes and double branes, respectively. These branes have very rich inner structure. In this paper, by presenting the mass-independent potentials of Kaluza--Klein (KK) modes in the corresponding Schr\"{o}dinger equations, we investigate the localization and mass spectra of fermions on the symmetric and asymmetric thick branes in an AdS background. In order to analyze the effect of gravity-fermion interaction (i.e., the effect of the inner structure of the branes) and scalar-fermion interaction to the spectrum of fermion KK modes, we consider three kinds of typical kink-fermion couplings. The spectra of left chiral fermions for these couplings are consisted of a bound zero mode and a series of gapless continuous massive KK modes, some discrete bound KK modes including zero mode (exist mass gaps) and a series of continuous massive KK modes, infinite discrete bound KK modes, respectively. The structures of the spectra are investigated in detail.