Relativistic Quantization of Cooper Pairs and Distributed Electrons in Rotating Superconductors

TL;DR

This paper explores how relativistic effects influence magnetic flux quantization in rotating superconductors, emphasizing the roles of electrons and Cooper pairs, and challenging traditional interpretations of Cooper pair mass measurement.

Contribution

It introduces a relativistic framework for understanding flux quantization and the behavior of electrons and Cooper pairs in rotating superconductors, providing new insights into electromagnetic field formation.

Findings

Magnetic flux quantization is maintained by relativistic time synchronization.

Fermi-volume electrons form electromagnetic fields within rotating conductors.

Cooper pair mass cannot be measured from flux quantization in principle.

Abstract

Relativistic time synchronization along closed integral lines maintains magnetic flux quantization independently from gravitation. All Fermi-volume electrons form time-averaged electromagnetic fields within rotating conductors, while Fermi-surface superelectrons enable flux quantization in SQUID experiments. Inertia is not related to instantaneous self-coherent states of the distributed electric charge and, therefore, the Cooper pair mass can not be measured in principle from magnetic flux quantization.