Vortex Fluid Relaxation Model for Torsional Oscillation Responses of Solid 4He

TL;DR

This paper introduces a vortex fluid relaxation model to explain torsional oscillator data in solid 4He, revealing vortex dynamics and relaxation behaviors that account for experimental observations and temperature-dependent divergences.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel phenomenological model based on vortex fluid dynamics to explain torsional oscillation responses in solid 4He, incorporating vortex polarization and relaxation mechanisms.

Findings

Model reproduces experimental Vac dependence.

Explains NLRS and Delta Q^-1 behaviors.

Predicts divergence of relaxation time at ~30 mK.

Abstract

A phenomenological model is developed to explain a new set of detailed torsional oscillator data for hcp 4He. The model is based on Anderson's idea of the vortex fluid (vortex tangle) in solid 4He. Utilizing a well-studied treatment of dynamics of quantized vortices we describe how the "local superfluid component" is involved in rotation (torsional oscillation) via a polaried vortices tangle. The polarization in the tangle appears both due to aligning the remnant or thermal vortices and due to penetration of additional vortices into volume. Both are supposed to occur in a relaxation manner, and the inverse full relaxation time tau^-1 is the sum of them. One of them is found to change linearly with respect to the rim velocity Vac. The developed approach explains the behavior of both NLRS and Delta Q^-1 seen in the experiment. We reproduce not only the unique Vac dependence, but also obtain new information about the vortices tangle, for example, a divergence in tau at extrapolated T ~ 30 mK.