Universal Dephasing of Many-Body Rabi Oscillations of Atoms in One-Dimensional Traps

TL;DR

This paper investigates the universal dephasing behavior of many-body Rabi oscillations in one-dimensional atomic systems after a quantum quench, revealing a transition linked to an infrared orthogonality catastrophe.

Contribution

It demonstrates the emergence of universal long-time dephasing and a transition in many-body Rabi oscillations due to an orthogonality catastrophe in 1D atomic systems.

Findings

Universal dephasing time scale diverges at a transition.

Dephasing behavior is explained by an infrared orthogonality catastrophe.

Universal properties are demonstrated in a model of attractive fermions.

Abstract

We study a quantum quench in a system of two coupled one-dimensional tubes of interacting atoms. After the quench the system is out of equilibrium and oscillates between the tubes with a frequency determined by microscopic parameters. Despite the high energy at which the system is prepared we find an emergent long time scale responsible for the dephasing of the oscillations and a transition at which this time scale diverges. We show that the universal properties of the dephasing and the transition arise from an infrared orthogonality catastrophe. Furthermore, we show how this universal behavior is realized in a realistic model of fermions with attractive interactions.