M-Band Spectra of Dust Embedded Sources at the Galactic Center

TL;DR

This study presents M-band spectra of 15 dust-embedded sources at the Galactic Center, revealing CO gas and ice absorption features, and estimates circumstellar gas masses, enhancing understanding of the local environment around these sources.

Contribution

First detailed M-band spectroscopic analysis of multiple Galactic Center sources, identifying molecular absorption features and estimating circumstellar gas masses.

Findings

Detection of CO gas and ice absorption features in spectra.

Estimation of circumstellar shell masses around 10^-3 to 10^-2 solar masses.

Identification of XCN absorption, strongest toward IRS7.

Abstract

The goal of the present paper is to investigate the circumstellar material around the brightest dust-enshrouded sources in the central stellar cluster of the Milky Way. Observations have been carried out at the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope on Paranal, Chile. We have used the long wavelength (LWS3) low resolution (LR) spectroscopic mode of the ISAAC camera at the VLT in the spectral range of the M filter from 4.4micron to 5.1micron. The use of a slit width of 0.6" implied a spectral resolution of R=l/Dl=800 (Dv=375 km/s). These observations resulted in M-band spectra of 15 bright sources in the central stellar cluster of the Milky Way. In addition to gaseous 12^CO (4.666 micron) and 13^CO (4.77 micron) vibration-rotational absorptions, we detect a strong absorption due to a mixture of polar and apolar CO ice (centered at 4.675 micron). In the shorter wavelength absorption wing there is an absorption feature due to XCN at 4.62 micron. The XCN absorption is strongest toward the M2 supergiant IRS7. We find that the extinctions due to material traced by the CO ice and the CO gas absorptions may be of comparable importance. Using the spectra of IRS2L and IRS16C we perform a first order correction of the line of sight absorption due to CO-ice and 13^CO gas. In combination with published hydrogen number density estimates from sub-mm CO(7-6) and FIR [OI] line data we obtain gas masses of the circumstellar shells of the order of 10^-3 and 10^-2 solar masses. This implies that in future spectra taken at high spectral and angular resolution the bright and dust embedded Galactic Center sources should show a substantial line absorption due to source intrinsic absorption.