Static Soliton at Nonequilibrium Steady State

TL;DR

This paper investigates nonequilibrium phase transitions in an open Takayama-Lin Liu-Maki chain, demonstrating the existence of solitons connecting different phases with amplitudes governed by the same self-consistent equation as uniform phases.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of static solitons in nonequilibrium steady states of an open quantum chain, extending understanding of phase transitions in such systems.

Findings

Solitons connecting two uniform phases are possible in the system.

The amplitude of these solitons satisfies the same self-consistent equation as uniform phases.

The study provides insights into nonequilibrium phase transition mechanisms.

Abstract

Nonequlibrium phase transition of an open Takayama-Lin Liu-Maki chain coupled with two reservoirs is investigated. We will show that solitons connecting two uniform phases are possible, and the amplitude of solitons obeys the same self-consistent equation as that of uniform phases.