Analytical Estimate of Atmospheric Newtonian Noise Generated by Acoustic and Turbulent Phenomena in Laser-Interferometric Gravitational Waves Detectors

TL;DR

This paper provides a theoretical analysis of atmospheric Newtonian noise from acoustic and turbulent phenomena, assessing its impact on laser-interferometric gravitational wave detectors like VIRGO.

Contribution

It offers analytical expressions for atmospheric Newtonian noise spectra due to sound waves and turbulence, evaluating their significance for gravitational wave detection.

Findings

Atmospheric noise can influence gravitational wave measurements.

Analytical models relate pressure fluctuations to test-mass acceleration noise.

Relevance of atmospheric noise is compared to VIRGO sensitivity curve.

Abstract

We present a theoretical estimate of the atmospheric Newtonian noise due to fluctuations of atmospheric mass densities generated by acoustic and turbulent phenomena and we determine the relevance of such noise in the laser-interferometric detection of gravitational waves. First, we consider the gravitational coupling of interferometer test-masses to fluctuations of atmospheric density due to the propagation of sound waves in a semispace occupied by an ideal fluid delimited by an infinitely rigid plane. We present an analytical expression of the spectrum of acceleration fluctuations of the test-masses of the interferometer in terms of the experimentally obtainable spectrum of pressure fluctuations. Second, we consider the gravitational coupling of interferometer test-masses to fluctuations of atmospheric density due to the propagation of sound waves generated in a turbulent Lighthill process. We present an analytical expression - in the Fourier space - of the spectrum of acceleration fluctuations of the test-masses of the interferometer. Finally, we discuss the relevance of these noise sources in the detection of gravitational waves by comparing the estimated spectral densities of Newtonian atmospheric noises considered here to the expected sensitivity curve of the VIRGO detector.