Observation prospects of leptonic and Dalitz decays of pseudoscalar quarkonia

TL;DR

This paper analyzes leptonic and Dalitz decays of pseudoscalar quarkonia, focusing on their observability and implications for new physics detection at BES-III, highlighting the significance of soft photon contamination.

Contribution

It provides a leading-order analysis of pseudoscalar quarkonium decays, emphasizing the potential observation of Dalitz decays and their impact on new physics searches.

Findings

Dalitz decays may be observable at BES-III with branching ratios around 10^{-6}

Soft photon contamination can significantly outnumber direct leptonic decays

Detection of new physics signals is complicated by Dalitz decay backgrounds

Abstract

Two types of pseudoscalar quarkonium electromagnetic decay processes, i.e. decay to a lepton pair, and to a lepton pair plus a photon (Dalitz decay), are analyzed at the leading order in NRQCD expansion. The former type of processes, highly suppressed in the Standard Model, have been hoped to act as the sensitive probes of the possible new physics. The latter type of processes generally possess much greater decay rates than the former, owing to several conspiring factors. The recently launched BES-III program, with $10^8$ $\eta_c$ samples to be anticipated in the coming years, may be able to observe the Dalitz decays $\eta_c\to e^+e^-\gamma$ and $\eta_c\to \mu^+\mu^-\gamma$, which have branching ratios of order $10^{-6}$. When the radiated photon becomes very soft, the Dalitz decay events will be experimentally tagged as the exclusive lepton pair events. It is found that, those quasi-two-body events that arise from $\eta_c\to e^+ e^-\gamma$ with photon energy less than the minimum sensitivity of the electromagnetic calorimeter, can vastly outnumber the literal $\eta_c\to e^+ e^-$ events, however this amplification is still not dramatic enough for the BES-III experiment to establish these events. Consequently, the expectation of looking for new physics signature in the $\eta_c\to l^+l^-$ channel is obscured, unless the contamination from $\eta_c \to l^+l^-\gamma$ has been taken into account carefully.