Probing the central engine of long gamma-ray bursts and hypernovae with gravitational waves and neutrinos

TL;DR

This paper explores gravitational wave and neutrino signals from long gamma-ray burst and hypernova central engines, focusing on neutrino-induced GWs from accretion disks around black holes, and discusses their detectability and implications.

Contribution

It introduces the potential for detecting neutrino-induced gravitational waves from hyper-accreting disks, providing new insights into the central engine mechanisms of GRBs and hypernovae.

Findings

Neutrino-induced GWs are detectable up to 1 Mpc by LISA and 100 Mpc by DECIGO/BBO.

GW signals depend on viewing angle and are anti-correlated with neutrino signals.

Simultaneous neutrino and GW detections can diagnose explosion mechanisms.

Abstract

There are the two common candidates as the viable energy source for the central engine of long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and hypernovae (HNe), neutrino annihilation and magnetic fields. We investigate gravitational wave (GW) emission accompanied by these two mechanisms. Especially, we focus on GW signals produced by neutrinos from a hyper-accreting disk around a massive black hole. We show that neutrino-induced GWs are detectable for $\sim$1 Mpc events by LISA and $\sim$ 100 Mpc by DECIGO/BBO, if the central engine is powered by neutrinos. The GW signals depend on the viewing angle and they are anti-correlated with neutrino ones. But, simultaneous neutrino detections are also expected, and helpful for diagnosing the explosion mechanism when later electromagnetic observations enable us to identify the source. GW and neutrino observations are potentially useful for probing choked jets that do not produce prompt emission, as well as successful jets. Even in non-detection cases, observations of GWs and neutrinos could lead to profitable implications for the central engine of GRBs and HNe.