The SAURON Project - XIV. No escape from V$_{\mathrm{esc}}$: a global and local parameter in early-type galaxy evolution

TL;DR

This study reveals a strong correlation between local escape velocity and stellar population properties in early-type galaxies, showing that these parameters are tightly linked both globally and within individual galaxies.

Contribution

First large-sample analysis linking escape velocity with line strength indices and stellar population parameters in early-type galaxies using integral field data and dynamical modeling.

Findings

Strong Vesc-line strength correlation within and across galaxies

Galaxies lie approximately on a plane in Vesc, age, and metallicity space

Local and global relations have similar slopes and offsets

Abstract

We present the results of an investigation of the local escape velocity (Vesc) - line strength index relationship for 48 early type galaxies from the SAURON sample, the first such study based on a large sample of galaxies with both detailed integral field observations and extensive dynamical modelling. Values of Vesc are computed using Multi Gaussian Expansion (MGE) photometric fitting and axisymmetric, anisotropic Jeans' dynamical modelling simultaneously on HST and ground-based images. We determine line strengths and escape velocities at multiple radii within each galaxy, allowing an investigation of the correlation within individual galaxies as well as amongst galaxies. We find a tight correlation between Vesc and the line-strength indices. For Mgb we find that this correlation exists not only between different galaxies but also inside individual galaxies - it is both a local and global correlation. The relation within individual galaxies has the same slope and offset as the global relation to a good level of agreement, though there is significant intrinsic scatter in the local gradients. We transform our line strength index measurements to the single stellar population (SSP) equivalent age (t), metallicity ([Z/H]) and enhancement ([$\alpha$/Fe]) and carry out a principal component analysis of our SSP and Vesc data. We find that in this four-dimensional parameter space the galaxies in our sample are to a good approximation confined to a plane, given by $\log \mathrm({V}_{\mathrm{esc}}/500\mathrm{km/s}) = 0.85 \mathrm{[Z/H]} + 0.43 \log (\mathrm{t}/\mathrm{Gyrs})$ - 0.20. It is surprising that it is a combination of age and metallicity that is conserved; this may indicate a 'conspiracy' between age and metallicity or a weakness in the SSP models.