Beryllium, Oxygen and Iron Abundances in Extremely Metal-Deficient Stars

TL;DR

This study investigates beryllium abundances in extremely metal-poor stars to understand early Galactic chemical evolution, finding no Be plateau but evidence of changing production mechanisms at low metallicities.

Contribution

It provides new measurements of Be and O in very metal-poor stars and explores the Be-Fe and Be-O relationships across a wide metallicity range.

Findings

Be abundance continues to decrease with metallicity.

No evidence of a Be plateau at low metallicities.

Change in Be production mechanism suggested at different metallicity regimes.

Abstract

The abundance of beryllium in the oldest, most metal-poor stars acts as a probe of early star formation and Galactic chemical evolution. We have analyzed high-resolution, high signal-to-noise Keck/HIRES spectra of 24 stars with [Fe/H] from -2.3 to -3.5 in order to determine the history of Be abundances and explore the possibility of a Be plateau. We have determined stellar parameters spectroscopically. Oxygen abundances have been derived from three OH features which occur in the same spectral region. We have supplemented this sample with reanalyzed spectra of 25 stars from previous observations; our total sample ranges in [Fe/H] from -0.5 to -3.5. We find that the relationship between Be and [Fe/H] continues to lower metallicities with a slope of 0.92 +-0.04. Although there is no indication of a plateau with constant Be abundance, the four lowest metallicity stars do show a Be enhancement relative to Fe. A single relationship between Be and [O/H] has a slope of 1.21 +-0.08, but there is also a good fit with two slopes: 1.59 for [O/H] > -1.6 and 0.74 for stars with [O/H] < -1.6. This change in slope could result from a change in the dominant production mechanism for Be. In the era of the formation of the more metal poor stars Be would be formed by acceleration of CNO atoms in the vicinity of SNII and in later times by high-energy cosmic rays bombarding CNO in the ambient interstellar gas. We find an excellent correlation between [Fe/H] and [O/H].