Chiral dynamics and partonic structure at large transverse distances

TL;DR

This paper investigates large-distance contributions to the nucleon's parton densities using chiral dynamics and GPDs, revealing their limited role in antiquark asymmetry and differences in spatial localization of sea quarks.

Contribution

It introduces a model based on pion exchange with a finite core radius to describe large-distance partonic structure, aligning with the pion cloud picture and QCD large-N_c scaling.

Findings

Large-distance component accounts for ~1/3 of antiquark asymmetry at x~0.1

Strange sea quarks are more localized than light antiquarks

Nucleon's quark size exceeds its gluonic size at small x

Abstract

We study large-distance contributions to the nucleon's parton densities in the transverse coordinate (impact parameter) representation based on generalized parton distributions (GPDs). Chiral dynamics generates a distinct component of the partonic structure, located at momentum fractions x ~< M_pi/M_N and transverse distances b ~ 1/M_pi. We calculate this component using phenomenological pion exchange with a physical lower limit in b (the transverse "core" radius estimated from the nucleon's axial form factor, R_core = 0.55 fm) and demonstrate its universal character. This formulation preserves the basic picture of the "pion cloud" model of the nucleon's sea quark distributions, while restricting its application to the region actually governed by chiral dynamics. It is found that (a) the large-distance component accounts for only ~1/3 of the measured antiquark flavor asymmetry dbar - ubar at x ~ 0.1; (b) the strange sea quarks, s and sbar, are significantly more localized than the light antiquark sea; (c) the nucleon's singlet quark size for x < 0.1 is larger than its gluonic size, <b^2>_{q + qbar} > <b^2>_g, as suggested by the t-slopes of deeply-virtual Compton scattering and exclusive J/psi production measured at HERA and FNAL. We show that our approach reproduces the general N_c-scaling of parton densities in QCD, thanks to the degeneracy of N and Delta intermediate states in the large-N_c limit. We also comment on the role of pionic configurations at large longitudinal distances and the limits of their applicability at small x.