Radio pulsar binaries in globular clusters: their orbital eccentricities and stellar interactions

TL;DR

This paper investigates the orbital eccentricities of radio pulsar binaries in globular clusters, revealing how stellar interactions like fly-bys, exchanges, and mergers shape their orbital characteristics, with implications for understanding cluster dynamics.

Contribution

It combines analytical and computational methods to explain the distribution of pulsar orbital eccentricities and periods in globular clusters, highlighting the roles of various stellar interactions.

Findings

Fly-bys explain intermediate eccentricities.

Exchanges and mergers account for high eccentricities.

Differences between globular cluster and galactic field pulsar distributions.

Abstract

High sensitivity searches of globular clusters (GC) for radio pulsars by improved pulsar search algorithms and sustained pulsar timing observations have so far yielded some 140 pulsars in more than two dozen GCs. The observed distribution of orbital eccentricity and period of binary radio pulsars in GCs have imprints of the past interaction between single pulsars and binary systems or of binary pulsars and single passing non-compact stars. It is seen that GCs have different groups of pulsars. These may have arisen out of exchange or merger of a component of the binary with the incoming star or a "fly-by" in which the original binary remains intact but undergoes a change of eccentricity and orbital period. We consider the genesis of the distribution of pulsars using analytical and computational tools such as STARLAB, which performs numerical scattering experiments with direct N-body integration. Cluster pulsars with intermediate eccentricities can mostly be accounted for by fly-bys whereas those with high eccentricities are likely to be the result of exchanges and/or mergers of single stars with the binary companion of the pulsar, although there are a few objects which do not easily fit into this description. The corresponding distribution for galactic field pulsars shows notable differences from the GC pulsar orbital period and eccentricity distribution. The long orbital period pulsars in the galactic field with frozen out low eccentricities are largely missing from the globular clusters, and we show that ionization of these systems in GCs cannot alone account for the peculiarities.