Attoheat transport phenomena

TL;DR

This paper explores attosecond-scale heat transport phenomena, developing relativistic equations and demonstrating the limitations of Fourier's law at such ultrafast timescales, with applications to nanoparticles and nanotubes.

Contribution

It introduces relativistic models for heat transport at attosecond timescales and discusses their implications for nanoscale thermal processes.

Findings

Standard Fourier heat equation is invalid at attosecond scales.

Relativistic Klein-Gordon and Proca equations describe heat transport.

Heat transfer in nanoparticles and nanotubes is significantly affected by relativistic effects.

Abstract

Fascinating developments in optical pulse engineering over the last 20 years lead to the generation of laser pulses as short as few femtosecond, providing a unique tool for high resolution time domain spectroscopy. However, a number of the processes in nature evolve with characteristic times of the order of 1 fs or even shorter. Time domain studies of such processes require at first place sub-fs resolution, offered by pulse depicting attosecond localization. The generation, characterization and proof of principle applications of such pulses is the target of the attoscience. In the paper the thermal processes on the attosecond scale are described. The Klein-Gordon and Proca equations are developed. The relativistic effects in the heat transport on nanoscale are discussed. It is shown that the standard Fourier equation can not be valid for the transport phenomena induced by attosecond laser pulses. The heat transport in nanoparticles and nanotubules is investigated.