Quantum entanglement of spin-1 bosons with coupled ground states in optical lattices

TL;DR

This paper studies quantum entanglement in spin-1 bosonic atoms within optical lattices, analyzing how different phases and laser configurations influence pseudo-spin squeezing and mode entanglement.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of particle and mode entanglement in both superfluid and Mott-insulator phases, considering ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions, and the effect of laser polarization angles.

Findings

Entanglement varies between phases and interaction types.

Small polarization angles influence quantum correlations.

Mode entanglement is significant in the Mott insulator phase.

Abstract

We examine particle entanglement, characterized by pseudo-spin squeezing, of spin-1 bosonic atoms with coupled ground states in a one-dimensional optical lattice. Both the superfluid and Mott-insulator phases are investigated separately for ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. Mode entanglement is also discussed in the Mott insulating phase. The role of a small but nonzero angle between the polarization vectors of counter-propagating lasers forming the optical lattice on quantum correlations is investigated as well.