The jet of the BL Lac object PKS 0521 -365 in the near-IR : MAD adaptive optics observations

TL;DR

This study uses high-resolution adaptive optics near-IR imaging to analyze the jet structure of the BL Lac object PKS 0521-365 across multiple wavelengths, revealing detailed jet features and their emission mechanisms.

Contribution

First near-IR adaptive optics images of PKS 0521-365's jet at high resolution, combined with multi-wavelength data, providing new insights into jet structure and emission.

Findings

Jet structure is similar across radio, near-IR, and optical wavelengths.

Jet knots' emission is dominated by synchrotron radiation.

Discovered near-IR counterpart of radio hotspot.

Abstract

BL Lac objects are low--power active nuclei exhibiting a variety of peculiar properties that are caused by the presence of a relativistic jet and orientation effects. We present here adaptive optics near-IR images at high spatial resolution of the nearby BL Lac object PKS 0521-365, which is known to display a prominent jet both at radio and optical frequencies. The observations were obtained in Ks--band using the ESO multi-conjugated adaptive optics demonstrator at the Very Large Telescope. This allowed us to obtain images with 0.1 arcsec effective resolution. We performed a detailed analysis of the jet and its related features from the near-IR images, and combined them with images previously obtained with HST in the R band and by a re-analysis of VLA radio maps. We find a remarkable similarity in the structure of the jet at radio, near-IR, and optical wavelengths. The broad--band emission of the jet knots is dominated by synchrotron radiation, while the nucleus also exhibits a significant inverse Compton component. We discovered the near-IR counterpart of the radio hotspot and found that the near-IR flux is consistent with being a synchrotron emission from radio to X-ray. The bright red object (red-tip), detached but well aligned with the jet, is well resolved in the near-IR and has a linear light profile. Since it has no radio counterpart, we propose that it is a background galaxy not associated with the jet. The new adaptive optics near-IR images and previous observations at other frequencies allow us to study the complex environment around the remarkable BL Lac object PKS 0521-365. These data exemplify the capabilities of multi conjugate adaptive optics observations of extragalactic extended sources.