Dynamical structures in binary media of potassium-driven neurons

TL;DR

This paper investigates how potassium ion diffusion in the extracellular medium influences the dynamics and pattern formation of neuron ensembles, revealing complex behaviors beyond fixed ionic concentration models.

Contribution

It introduces a modified FitzHugh-Nagumo model incorporating potassium diffusion, highlighting chemical interactions' impact on neural activity and pattern formation.

Findings

Potassium diffusion causes noise-induced firing rate modulation.

Various spatial patterns emerge, including spirals, waves, and oscillons.

Extracellular potassium dynamics significantly affect neural ensemble behavior.

Abstract

According to the conventional approach to model neural ensembles the extracellular environment has fixed ionic concentrations. However, in many cases the extracellular concentration of potassium ions can not be regarded as constant. That represents specific chemical pathway for neurons to interact and can influence strongly the behavior of a single neuron as well as large ensembles. The released chemical agent follows a diffusive dynamics in the external medium, that lowers the threshold of individual excitable units. We address this problem by studying simplified excitable units given by a modified FitzHugh-Nagumo dynamics. In our model neurons interact only chemically via the released and diffusing potassium in the surrounding non-active medium. We study the dynamics of a single excitable unit embedded in the extracellular matter. That leads to a number of noise-induced effects, like self-modulation of firing rate in an individual neuron. In the spatially extended situation various patterns appear ranging from spirals and traveling waves to oscillons and inverted structures depending on the parameters of the medium.