Statefinders and observational measurement of superenergy

TL;DR

This paper proposes a method to measure the universe's superenergy, a tensorial quantity in general relativity, using observational parameters like the Hubble, deceleration, jerk, and snap parameters, linking superenergy to cosmic evolution.

Contribution

It introduces a novel observational approach to quantify superenergy in the universe using statefinders, connecting theoretical superenergy with measurable cosmological parameters.

Findings

Superenergy of gravity depends on Hubble and deceleration parameters.

Superenergy of matter requires jerk and snap measurements.

Superenergy serves as a new parameter for cosmic evolution.

Abstract

The superenergy of the universe is a tensorial quantity and it is a general relativistic analogue of the Appell's energy of acceleration in classical mechanics. We propose the measurement of this quantity by the observational parameters such as the Hubble parameter, the deceleration parameter, the jerk and the snap (kerk) known as statefinders. We show that the superenergy of gravity requires only the Hubble and deceleration parameter to be measured, while the superenergy of matter requires also the measurement of the higher-order characteristics of expansion: the jerk and the snap. In such a way, the superenergy becomes another parameter characterizing the evolution of the universe.