The effect of dry mergers on the color-magnitude relation of early-type galaxies

TL;DR

This study examines how dry mergers influence the color-magnitude relation of early-type galaxies, showing that they can explain the observed slope and scatter, challenging previous assumptions about constraints on dry merging.

Contribution

It demonstrates that dry mergers can reproduce the observed CMR slope and scatter, providing a new perspective on galaxy evolution models.

Findings

Dry mergers produce a shallower slope at the bright end of the CMR.

Dry merging decreases the scatter at the bright end of the CMR.

Observed small scatter cannot constrain the amount of dry merging.

Abstract

We investigate the effect of dry merging on the color-magnitude relation (CMR) of galaxies and find that the amount of merging predicted by a hierarchical model results in a red sequence that compares well with the observed low-redshift relation. A sample of 29,000 early-type galaxies selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 6 shows that the bright end of the CMR has a shallower slope and smaller scatter than the faint end. This magnitude dependence is predicted by a simple toy model in which gas-rich mergers move galaxies onto a "creation red sequence" (CRS) by quenching their star formation, and subsequent mergers between red, gas-poor galaxies (so-called "dry" mergers) move galaxies along the relation. We use galaxy merger trees from a semianalytic model of galaxy formation to test the amplitude of this effect and find a change in slope at the bright end that brackets the observations, using gas fraction thresholds of 10-30% to separate wet and dry mergers. A more realistic model that includes scatter in the CRS shows that dry merging decreases the scatter at the bright end. Contrary to previous claims, the small scatter in the observed CMR thus cannot be used to constrain the amount of dry merging.