Key role of work hardening in superconductivity/superfluidity, heat conductivity and ultimate strain increase, evolution, cancer, aging and other phase transitions

TL;DR

This paper proposes that phase transitions, including superconductivity, superfluidity, and biological phenomena, are governed by a unified deformation hardening/softening mechanism influenced by external conditions, with dislocation-like work hardening playing a key role.

Contribution

It introduces a unified framework linking deformation hardening/softening to various phase transitions across physical and biological systems, emphasizing dislocation-like mechanisms.

Findings

Dislocation-like work hardening (DWH) governs phase transitions.

Ultrastrong DWH reduces dislocation drag, facilitating phase changes.

Deformation effects influence biological evolution, aging, and disease.

Abstract

The shear/laminar flow of liquids/gas/plasma/biological cells (BC), etc. is equivalent to dislocation-like shear of solids. The turbulent flow is the next stage of deformation/ multiplication of dislocation-like defects and their ordering in sub-grains and grain-boundaries, then grains slip-rotation in the direction approximately perpendicular to the shear flow. It is shown that phase transitions are governed by unified deformation hardening/softening under hydrostatic pressure, particle irradiation and impurity (isotope) chemical pressure, hard confining conditions and cooling, etc. thus changing electric, magnetic, ferroelectric, thermal, optical properties.1-2 Dislocation-like work hardening, DWH, is determined by non-monotonous properties of dislocation double edge-cross-jog slip, and ultrastrong DWH gives the lowest drag for any dislocation-like plasticity at phase transitions. This provides the same micromechanisms of the ultimate stage of conventional deformation (superfluidity) of ordinary liquids, i.e., water, kerosene and glycerin, liquid and solid He, quasi-particle condensates. The key role of DWH is confirmed for superconductivity, integer and fractional quantum Hall effects and the enhancement of ultimate strain and diffusion under deformation down to nanostructures, etc. Phase transformations in biological cells (explosive events of diversity and population of species and diseases - for example, locust and plaque bacteria, evolution, aging and cancer,2 bursts in the development of human intellectual possibilities (languages, culture, arts and sciences, history, etc.) depend on the same deformation effects in biological evolution.