Proof of Factorization of Fragmentation Function in Non-Equilibrium QCD

TL;DR

This paper proves the factorization of fragmentation functions in non-equilibrium QCD using the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, applicable to high-energy heavy-ion collision environments like RHIC and LHC.

Contribution

It provides a rigorous proof of fragmentation function factorization in non-equilibrium QCD within a general gauge, extending theoretical understanding for high-energy nuclear physics.

Findings

Valid in any gauge fixing parameter

Applicable to quark-gluon plasma studies

Enhances theoretical foundation for hadron production

Abstract

In this paper we prove factorization of fragmentation function in non-equilibrium QCD by using Schwinger-Keldysh closed-time path integral formalism. We use the background field method of QCD in a pure gauge in path integral approach to prove factorization of fragmentation function in non-equilibrium QCD. Our proof is valid in any arbitrary gauge fixing parameter $\alpha$. This may be relevant to study hadron production from quark-gluon plasma at high energy heavy-ion colliders at RHIC and LHC.