Stokes imaging of AM Her systems using 3D inhomogeneous models - I. Description of the code and an application to V834 Cen

TL;DR

This paper introduces CYCLOPS, a 3D inhomogeneous model for simulating optical emission in AM Her systems, incorporating detailed radiative transfer and magnetic field effects, validated with multi-wavelength data of V834 Cen.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel 3D modeling code, CYCLOPS, for AM Her systems that includes inhomogeneous plasma profiles and polarization, improving data fitting accuracy.

Findings

Successfully modeled V834 Cen's multi-wavelength emission.

Reproduced key observational features with consistent parameters.

Enhanced understanding of accretion column structure.

Abstract

Polars (or AM Her systems) are cataclysmic variables without a disc due to the strong magnetic field of the white dwarf. Most of their emission comes from the region where the accretion column impacts the white dwarf and cools through cyclotron and bremsstrahlung processes. We present a new code, CYCLOPS, to model the optical emission from these systems including the four Stokes parameters. It considers a three-dimensional region with the electronic density and temperature varying following a \textit{shock-like} profile and a dipolar magnetic field. The radiative transfer is solved in steps considering the solution with non-null input radiation. The footprint of the column in the white-dwarf surface is determined by the threading region in the equatorial plane, i.e., the region from where the flow follows the magnetic lines. The extinction caused by Thomson scattering above the emitting region is optionally included. The fittings of observational data are done using a hybrid approach: a genetic algorithm is used to seek for the regions having the best models and then an amoeba code refines the search. An example of application to multi-wavelength data of V834 Cen is presented. The fit found is consistent with previous parameters estimates and is able to reproduce the features of V834 data in three wavebands.