Suppression of diamagnetism in superconducting nanorings by quantum fluctuations

TL;DR

This paper investigates how quantum fluctuations suppress diamagnetism in superconducting nanorings, significantly altering persistent currents and impacting nanoscale quantum systems and applications.

Contribution

It demonstrates that quantum fluctuations, previously known to suppress superconductivity in nanostructures, also quench diamagnetism in superconducting nanorings, revealing a new fundamental effect.

Findings

Quantum fluctuations suppress diamagnetism in nanorings.

Persistent currents are altered in magnitude, period, and shape.

The phenomenon impacts understanding of quantum coherence at nanoscale.

Abstract

Zero resistance, diamagnetism (Meissner effect) and the energy gap in the excitation spectrum are the fundamental attributes of superconductivity. In nanoparticles with characteristic size 10 nm superconductivity is suppressed by the quantization of the electron energy spectrum. In narrow quasi-1D superconducting channels thermal fluctuations enable zero resistance only at temperatures noticeably below the critical temperature Tc, while quantum fluctuations suppress the dissipationless electric current in ultra-narrow superconducting nanowires even at temperatures close to T=0. Here we demonstrate that the same essentially nanoscale phenomenon, quantum fluctuations, is responsible for quenching diamagnetism in superconducting nanorings dramatically affecting the magnitude, the period and the shape of the circulating persistent currents (PCs). The effect is of fundamental importance for our understanding of the behavior of a quantum coherent system at nanoscales; and should be taken in consideration in various nanoscience applications.