$e^-e^+$ pair creation by vacuum polarization around electromagnetic black holes

TL;DR

This paper introduces the concept of dyadotorus in Kerr-Newman black holes, analyzing vacuum polarization and electron-positron pair creation, with implications for black hole formation and gamma-ray bursts.

Contribution

It generalizes the dyadosphere concept to dyadotorus in Kerr-Newman geometries and compares electromagnetic energy with Reissner-Nordstr"om black holes.

Findings

Kerr-Newman black holes have larger electromagnetic fields than Reissner-Nordstr"om.

The electromagnetic energy of the dyadotorus is estimated consistently by three methods.

Differences between dyadotorus and dyadosphere are highlighted in specific examples.

Abstract

The concept of "dyadotorus" was recently introduced to identify in the Kerr-Newman geometry the region where vacuum polarization processes may occur, leading to the creation of $e^--e^+$ pairs. This concept generalizes the original concept of "dyadosphere" initially introduced for Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m geometries. The topology of the axially symmetric dyadotorus is studied for selected values of the electric field and its electromagnetic energy is estimated by using three different methods all giving the same result. It is shown by a specific example the difference between a dyadotorus and a dyadosphere. The comparison is made for a Kerr-Newman black hole with the same total mass energy and the same charge to mass ratio of a Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole. It turns out that the Kerr-Newman black hole leads to larger values of the electromagnetic field and energy when compared to the electric field and energy of the Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m one. The significance of these theoretical results for the realistic description of the process of gravitational collapse leading to black hole formation as well as the energy source of gamma ray bursts are also discussed.