Energy cascades and spectra in turbulent Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper numerically investigates turbulence in Bose-Einstein condensates using the 3D Gross-Pitaevskii equation, revealing three universal regimes depending on large-scale dissipation properties.

Contribution

It identifies and characterizes three distinct universal turbulence regimes in BECs influenced by different large-scale dissipation mechanisms.

Findings

Three universal turbulence regimes identified

Behavior depends on large-scale dissipation properties

Transitions between regimes observed

Abstract

We present a numerical study of turbulence in Bose-Einstein condensates within the 3D Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We concentrate on the direct energy cascade in forced-dissipated systems. We show that behavior of the system is very sensitive to the properties of the model at the scales greater than the forcing scale, and we identify three different universal regimes: (1) a non-stationary regime with condensation and transition from a four-wave to a three-wave interaction process when the largest scales are not dissipated, (2) a steady weak wave turbulence regime when largest scales are dissipated with a friction-type dissipation, (3) a state with a scale-by-scale balance of the linear and the nonlinear timescales when the large-scale dissipation is a hypo-viscosity.