Secular increase of the Astronomical Unit: a possible explanation in terms of the total angular momentum conservation law

TL;DR

This paper proposes that the observed increase in the Astronomical Unit could be explained by tidal interactions transferring angular momentum from the Sun's rotation to planetary orbits, similar to Earth-Moon tidal effects.

Contribution

It introduces a novel hypothesis linking the AU increase to solar angular momentum transfer, providing order-of-magnitude estimates and exploring possible mechanisms.

Findings

Estimated solar rotation period change of about 21 ms/cy.

Change in the Sun's moment of inertia could account for AU increase.

No current observational data exclude the proposed scenario.

Abstract

We give an idea and the order-of-magnitude estimations to explain the recently reported secular increase of the Astronomical Unit (AU) by Krasinsky and Brumberg (2004). The idea proposed is analogous to the tidal acceleration in the Earth-Moon system, which is based on the conservation of the total angular momentum and we apply this scenario to the Sun-planets system. Assuming the existence of some tidal interactions that transfer the rotational angular momentum of the Sun and using reported value of the positive secular trend in the astronomical unit, $\frac{d}{dt}{AU} = 15 \pm 4 {(m/cy)}$, the suggested change in the period of rotation of the Sun is about $21 {ms/cy}$ in the case that the orbits of the eight planets have the same "expansion rate." This value is sufficiently small, and at present it seems there are no observational data which exclude this possibility. Effects of the change in the Sun's moment of inertia is also investigated. It is pointed out that the change in the moment of inertia due to the radiative mass loss by the Sun may be responsible for the secular increase of AU, if the orbital "expansion" is happening only in the inner planets system. Although the existence of some tidal interactions is assumed between the Sun and planets, concrete mechanisms of the angular momentum transfer are not discussed in this paper, which remain to be done as future investigations.