Star Formation in the Central 400 pc of the Milky Way: Evidence for a Population of Massive YSOs

TL;DR

This study investigates star formation in the Milky Way's central 400 pc, revealing a population of massive YSOs, recent star formation activity, and that the Schmidt-Kennicutt Law applies in this extreme environment.

Contribution

It provides new evidence for a population of massive YSOs and recent star formation in the Galactic center, using mid-infrared observations and SED analysis.

Findings

YSO candidates are asymmetrically distributed, mainly at negative longitudes.

Star formation rate in the central 400 pc is about 0.14 solar masses per year.

Star formation follows the Schmidt-Kennicutt Law even in the extreme Galactic center environment.

Abstract

The central kpc of the Milky Way might be expected to differ significantly from the rest of the Galaxy with regard to gas dynamics and the formation of YSOs. We probe this possibility with mid-infrared observations obtained with IRAC and MIPS on Spitzer and with MSX. We use color-color diagrams and SED fits to explore the nature of YSO candidates (including objects with 4.5 micron excesses possibly due to molecular emission). There is an asymmetry in the distribution of the candidate YSOs, which tend to be found at negative Galactic longitudes; this behavior contrasts with that of the molecular gas, approximately 2/3 of which is at positive longitudes. The small scale height of these objects suggests that they are within the Galactic center region and are dynamically young. They lie between two layers of infrared dark clouds and may have originated from these clouds. We identify new sites for this recent star formation. The methanol masers appear to be associated with young, embedded YSOs characterized by 4.5 micron excesses. We use the SEDs of these sources to estimate their physical characteristics. Within the central 400x50 pc (|l|<1.3\degr and |b|<10') the star formation rate based on the identification of Stage I evolutionary phase of YSO candidates is about 0.14 solar mass/yr. We suggest that a recent burst of star formation took place within the last 10^5 years. This suggestion is also consistent with estimates of star formation rates within the last ~10^7 years showing a peak around 10^5 years ago. Lastly, we find that the Schmidt-Kennicutt Law applies well in the central 400 pc of the Galaxy. This implies that star formation does not appear to be dramatically affected by the extreme physical conditions in the Galactic center region.