On the critical dimension of a fourth order elliptic problem with negative exponent

TL;DR

This paper investigates the regularity of extremal solutions to a fourth order elliptic PDE with a negative exponent, establishing dimension-dependent criteria for regularity and singularity using Hardy-Rellich inequalities.

Contribution

It determines the critical dimension for regularity of extremal solutions in a biharmonic problem with negative exponent, extending understanding of solution behavior in higher dimensions.

Findings

Extremal solutions are regular for dimensions N ≤ 8.

Extremal solutions are singular for dimensions N ≥ 9 with small τ/β ratio.

Uses improved Hardy-Rellich inequalities to prove singularity in high dimensions.

Abstract

We study the regularity of the extremal solution of the semilinear biharmonic equation $\beta \Delta^2 u-\tau \Delta u=\frac{\lambda}{(1-u)^2}$ on a ball $B \subset \R^N$, under Navier boundary conditions $u=\Delta u=0$ on $\partial B$, where $\lambda >0$ is a parameter, while $\tau>0$, $\beta>0$ are fixed constants. It is known that there exists a $\lambda^{*}$ such that for $\lambda>\lambda^{*}$ there is no solution while for $\lambda<\lambda^{*}$ there is a branch of minimal solutions. Our main result asserts that the extremal solution $u^{*}$ is regular ($\sup_{B}u^{*}<1$) for $N\leq 8$ and $\beta, \tau>0$ and it is singular ($\sup_{B}u^{*}=1$) for $N\geq 9$, $\beta>0$, and $\tau>0$ with $\frac{\tau}{\beta}$ small. Our proof for the singularity of extremal solutions in dimensions $N\geq 9$ is based on certain improved Hardy-Rellich inequalities.