High Cadence Near Infrared Timing Observations of Extrasolar Planets: I. GJ 436b and XO-1b

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that high cadence ground-based near-infrared observations can precisely measure transit times of exoplanets, effectively constraining their ephemerides and searching for additional planets.

Contribution

It provides new high-precision transit timing data for GJ 436b and XO-1b using ground-based near-infrared observations, showing this method's viability as an alternative to space-based measurements.

Findings

No significant timing deviations detected.

Transit times constrained to approximately 30 seconds.

Ground-based near-infrared observations are effective for transit timing.

Abstract

Currently the only technique sensitive to Earth mass planets around nearby stars (that are too close for microlensing) is the monitoring of the transit time variations of the transiting extrasolar planets. We search for additional planets in the systems of the hot Neptune GJ 436b, and the hot-Jupiter XO-1b, using high cadence observations in the J and Ks bands. New high-precision transit timing measurements are reported: GJ 436b Tc = 2454238.47898 \pm 0.00046 HJD; XO-1b Tc(A) = 2454218.83331 \pm 0.00114 HJD, Tc(B) = 2454222.77539 \pm 0.00036 HJD, Tc(C) = 2454222.77597 \pm 0.00039 HJD, Tc(D) = 2454226.71769 \pm 0.00034 HJD, and they were used to derive new ephemeris. We also determined depths for these transits. No statistically significant timing deviations were detected. We demonstrate that the high cadence ground based near-infrared observations are successful in constraining the mean transit time to ~30 sec., and are a viable alternative to space missions.