Ultrafast laser pulses to detect and generate fast thermo-mechanical transients in matter

TL;DR

This paper reviews recent advances in ultrafast laser techniques for generating and detecting thermal and mechanical transients in nanostructured materials, enabling high-resolution studies of energy transfer and sensing at the nanoscale.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive review of experimental and numerical methods for ultrafast thermo-mechanical phenomena in metallic nanostructures, highlighting new applications.

Findings

Nanostructured materials serve as models for nanoscale energy transfer.

The technique is highly sensitive to nanostructure shape and mass variations.

Potential applications include hypersonic waveguiding and femtosecond mass sensors.

Abstract

The use of femtosecond laser pulses to impulsively excite thermal and mechanical transients in matter has led, in the last years, to the development of picosecond acoustics. Recently, the pump-probe approach has been applied to nano-engineered materials to optically generate and detect acoustic waves in the GHz-THz frequency range. In this paper, we review the latest advances on ultrafast generation and detection of thermal gradients and pseudo-surface acoustic waves in two-dimensional lattices of metallic nanostructures. Comparing the experimental findings to the numeric analysis of the full thermo-mechanical problem, these materials emerge as model systems to investigate both the mechanical and thermal energy transfer at the nanoscale. The sensitivity of the technique to the nanostructures mass and shape variations, coupled to the phononic crystal properties of the lattices opens the way to a variety of applications ranging from hypersonic waveguiding to mass sensors with femtosecond time-resolution.ens the way to a variety of applications ranging from hypersonic waveguiding to mass sensors with femtosecond time-resolution.