Detection of non-radial pulsation and faint companion in the symbiotic star CH Cyg

TL;DR

This study used interferometry to detect asymmetry and potential companions in the symbiotic star CH Cyg, revealing non-radial pulsation and possible low-mass companion influence, with stable stellar size and a surrounding dust shell.

Contribution

First detection of time-dependent asymmetry in CH Cyg linked to potential low-mass companion or non-radial pulsation using closure-phase measurements.

Findings

Asymmetry varies with the 2.1-year period.

No change in star size over 3 years.

Presence of a spherical dust shell around the star.

Abstract

We have detected asymmetry in the symbiotic star CH Cyg through the measurement of precision closure-phase with the IONIC beam combiner, at the IOTA interferometer. The position of the asymmetry changes with time and is correlated with the phase of the 2.1-yr period found in the radial velocity measurements for this star. We can model the time-dependent asymmetry either as the orbit of a low-mass companion around the M giant or as an asymmetric, 20% change in brightness across the M giant. We do not detect a change in the size of the star during a 3 year monitoring period neither with respect to time nor with respect to wavelength. We find a spherical dust-shell with an emission size of 2.2+/-0.1 D* FWHM around the M giant star. The star to dust flux ratio is estimated to be 11.63+/-0.3. While the most likely explanation for the 20% change in brightness is non-radial pulsation we argue that a low-mass companion in close orbit could be the physical cause of the pulsation. The combined effect of pulsation and low-mass companion could explain the behaviour revealed by the radial-velocity curves and the time-dependent asymmetry detected in the closure-phase data. If CH Cyg is a typical long secondary period variable then these variations could be explained by the effect of an orbiting low-mass companion on the primary star.