The Speed of Broadcasting in Random Networks: Density Does Not Matter

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that in random networks with sufficiently high density, the push broadcasting protocol completes message dissemination in nearly the same time as in fully connected networks, regardless of the sparser structure.

Contribution

It establishes that the broadcast time in random networks remains optimal when the network density exceeds a threshold proportional to ln n/n, extending known results to sparser graphs.

Findings

Broadcast time is (1 +/- ε)(log₂ n + ln n) stages with high probability for p > f(n)ln n/n.

Network density above f(n)ln n ensures broadcast efficiency similar to complete graphs.

Surprising robustness of broadcast speed despite network sparsity.

Abstract

Broadcasting algorithms are of fundamental importance for distributed systems engineering. In this paper we revisit the classical and well-studied push protocol for message broadcasting. Assuming that initially only one node has some piece of information, at each stage every one of the informed nodes chooses randomly and independently one of its neighbors and passes the message to it. The performance of the push protocol on a fully connected network, where each node is joined by a link to every other node, is very well understood. In particular, Frieze and Grimmett proved that with probability 1-o(1) the push protocol completes the broadcasting of the message within (1 +/- \epsilon) (log_2 n + ln n) stages, where n is the number of nodes of the network. However, there are no tight bounds for the broadcast time on networks that are significantly sparser than the complete graph. In this work we consider random networks on n nodes, where every edge is present with probability p, independently of every other edge. We show that if p > f(n)ln n/ n, where f(n) is any function that tends to infinity as n grows, then the push protocol broadcasts the message within (1 +/- \epsilon) (log_2 n + ln n) stages with probability 1-o(1). In other words, in almost every network of density d such that d > f(n)ln n, the push protocol broadcasts a message as fast as in a fully connected network. This is quite surprising in the sense that the time needed remains essentially unaffected by the fact that most of the links are missing.