Formation of multi-planetary systems in turbulent disks

TL;DR

This paper explores how turbulence in protoplanetary disks influences the formation and configuration of multi-planet systems, especially those in mean motion resonance, through analytic models and numerical simulations.

Contribution

It identifies two resonance libration modes affected differently by stochastic forces, highlighting turbulence's role in shaping observed planetary system configurations.

Findings

Stochastic forces convert slow libration modes to circulation more easily.

Turbulence can explain the observed resonance configurations, such as in the HD128311 system.

Different libration modes respond uniquely to disk turbulence.

Abstract

We summarize the analytic model and numerical simulations of stochastically forced planets in a turbulent disk presented in a recent paper by Rein and Papaloizou. We identify two modes of libration in systems with planets in mean motion resonance which react differently to random forces. The slow mode, which mostly corresponds to motion of the angle between the apsidal lines of the two planets, is converted to circulation more readily than the fast mode which is associated with oscillations of the semi-major axes. We therefore conclude that stochastic forcing due to disk turbulence may have played an important role in shaping the configuration of observed systems in mean motion resonance. For example, it naturally provides a mechanism for accounting for the HD128311 system for which the fast mode librates and the slow mode does not.