Comparison of the Phenomena of Light Refraction and Gravitational Bending

TL;DR

The paper compares light refraction and gravitational bending, arguing that observed star displacement can be explained without photon deflection, highlighting similarities between optical refraction and gravitational effects.

Contribution

It challenges the conventional interpretation of gravitational light bending, proposing that wave front rotation explains star displacement without photon deflection.

Findings

Star displacement during solar eclipses can be explained by wave front rotation.

Light frequencies remain constant in electromagnetic and gravitational fields when accounting for clock rate variations.

Schiff's 1960 calculation supports the wave front rotation interpretation.

Abstract

The properties of light in the presence of electromagnetic and gravitational fields are compared. Once one takes account of the fact that clock rates vary with distance from a massive object, it is argued that in an absolute sense light frequencies remain constant in both interactions. It is also pointed out that the criterion used by Einstein for the angle of curvature of light rays passing close to the sun is not their actual trajectory but rather Huygens' Principle. The latter only requires that the speed of light vary with distance from a gravitational source in order to produce a measurable effect. As a result, the observed displacement of star images during solar eclipses can be explained on the basis of a rotation of the wave front of light without assuming that individual photons are actually deflected by the sun. A calculation reported by Schiff in 1960 based on the assumption that light travels in a straight line for all local observers obtains the same closed expression for the angle of displacement of star images as in Einstein's original work, in support of this interpretation. Since light is believed to follow a straight-line trajectory within any given homogeneous transparent medium, it is argued that light refraction and gravitational bending have more in common than is generally realized.