Plasmons and polaritons in a semi-infinite plasma and a plasma slab

TL;DR

This paper derives and analyzes plasmon and polariton modes in semi-infinite plasmas and slabs using a unified approach, revealing new insights into electromagnetic wave interactions and energy loss behaviors.

Contribution

It introduces a direct, unified method to derive plasmon and polariton modes, including new results and generalized Fresnel relations for plasma interfaces.

Findings

Surface energy loss oscillates near surfaces.

Reflection coefficient sharply increases at damping transition.

Transmission and reflection are enhanced in the damped regime.

Abstract

Plasmon and polariton modes are derived for an ideal semi-infinite (half-space) plasma and an ideal plasma slab by using a general, unifying procedure, based on equations of motion, Maxwell's equations and suitable boundary conditions. Known results are re-obtained in much a more direct manner and new ones are derived. The approach consists of representing the charge disturbances by a displacement field in the positions of the moving particles (electrons). The dielectric response and the electron energy loss are computed. The surface contribution to the energy loss exhibits an oscillatory behaviour in the transient regime near the surfaces. The propagation of an electromagnetic wave in these plasmas is treated by using the retarded electromagnetic potentials. The resulting integral equations are solved and the reflected and refracted waves are computed, as well as the reflection coefficient. For the slab we compute also the transmitted wave and the transmission coefficient. Generalized Fresnel's relations are thereby obtained for any incidence angle and polarization. Bulk and surface plasmon-polariton modes are identified. As it is well known, the field inside the plasma is either damped (evanescent) or propagating (transparency regime), and the reflection coefficient for a semi-infinite plasma exhibits an abrupt enhancement on passing from the propagating regime to the damped one (total reflection). Similarly, apart from characteristic oscillations, the reflection and transmission coefficients for a plasma slab exhibit an appreciable enhancement in the damped regime.