Energy Decay in Josephson Qubits from Non-equilibrium Quasiparticles

TL;DR

This paper models how non-equilibrium quasiparticles cause energy decay in Josephson qubits, showing experimental consistency and suggesting improvements in device design to mitigate decoherence.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical framework linking quasiparticle density to qubit decay rates and proposes redesign strategies for quasiparticle traps.

Findings

Decay rates align with quasiparticle density measurements.

Engineered gap and trap structures need redesign for better efficacy.

Decay rate decreases slightly with increasing temperature, explained by the model.

Abstract

We calculate the energy decay rate of Josephson qubits and superconducting resonators from non-equilibrium quasiparticles. The decay rates from experiments are shown to be consistent with predictions based on a prior measurement of the quasiparticle density n_qp = 10/um^3, which suggests that non-equilibrium quasiparticles are an important decoherence source for Josephson qubits. Calculations of the energy-decay and diffusion of quasiparticles also indicate that prior engineered gap and trap structures, which reduce the density of quasiparticles, should be redesigned to improve their efficacy. This model also explains a striking feature in Josephson qubits and resonators - a small reduction in decay rate with increasing temperature.