Energy Dissipation through Quasi-Static Tides in White Dwarf Binaries

TL;DR

This paper analyzes tidal interactions in white dwarf binaries using a quasi-static tide model, finding that energy dissipation is negligible for orbital evolution but can spin up white dwarfs, with dynamic tides relevant at short periods.

Contribution

It develops a formalism for quasi-static tides in white dwarf binaries applicable to eccentric orbits and assesses their impact on orbital and spin evolution.

Findings

Orbital evolution timescales exceed a Hubble time, making tidal dissipation negligible for gravitational wave templates.

White dwarf spin-up can occur within 10 million years if initially slow rotating.

At very short periods, dynamic tides and g-mode resonances dominate energy dissipation.

Abstract

We study tidal interactions in white dwarf binaries in the limiting case of quasi-static tides. The formalism is valid for arbitrary orbital eccentricities and therefore applicable to white dwarf binaries in the Galactic disk as well as globular clusters. In the quasi-static limit, the total perturbation of the gravitational potential shows a phase shift with respect to the position of the companion, the magnitude of which is determined primarily by the efficiency of energy dissipation through convective damping. We determine rates of secular evolution of the orbital elements and white dwarf rotational angular velocity for a 0.3 solar mass helium white dwarf in binaries with orbital frequencies in the LISA gravitational wave frequency band and companion masses ranging from 0.3 to 10^5 solar masses. The resulting tidal evolution time scales for the orbital semi-major axis are longer than a Hubble time, so that convective damping of quasi-static tides need not be considered in the construction of gravitational wave templates of white dwarf binaries in the LISA band. Spin-up of the white dwarf, on the other hand, can occur on time scales of less than 10Myr, provided that the white dwarf is initially rotating with a frequency much smaller than the orbital frequency. For semi-detached white dwarf binaries spin-up can occur on time scales of less than 1Myr. Nevertheless, the time scales remain longer than the orbital inspiral time scales due to gravitational radiation, so that the degree of asynchronism in these binaries increases. As a consequence, tidal forcing eventually occurs at forcing frequencies beyond the quasi-static tide approximation. For the shortest period binaries, energy dissipation is therefore expected to take place through dynamic tides and resonantly excited g-modes.