Non-Abelian Duality and Confinement in N=2 Supersymmetric QCD

TL;DR

This paper explores a duality in N=2 supersymmetric QCD, revealing a transition from weak to strong coupling where a dual non-Abelian gauge theory emerges, sharing symmetries and supporting non-Abelian strings, with implications for understanding confinement.

Contribution

It demonstrates a novel duality between weakly and strongly coupled regimes in N=2 SQCD, including the existence of a dual U(N_f-N) gauge theory and a world sheet duality of non-Abelian strings.

Findings

Existence of a dual U(N_f-N) gauge theory at strong coupling.

Shared global symmetry SU(N) x SU(N_f-N) x U(1) in both regimes.

Coinciding BPS spectra of dual sigma models.

Abstract

In N=2 supersymmetric QCD with the U(N) gauge group and N_f>N we study the crossover transition from the weak coupling regime at large \xi to strong coupling at small \xi where \xi is the Fayet--Iliopoulos parameter. We find that at strong coupling a dual non-Abelian weakly coupled N=2 theory exists which describes low-energy physics at small \xi. The dual gauge group is U(N_f-N) and the dual theory has N_f flavors of light dyons, to be compared with N_f quarks in the original U(N) theory. Both, the original and dual theories are Higgsed and share the same global symmetry SU(N) x SU(N_f-N) x U(1), albeit the physical meaning of the SU(N) and SU(N_f-N) factors is different in the large- and small-\xi regimes. Both regimes support non-Abelian semilocal strings. In each of these two regimes particles that are in the adjoint representations with respect to one of the factor groups exist in two varieties: elementary fields and composite states bound by strings. These varieties interchange upon transition from one regime to the other. We conjecture that the composite stringy states can be related to Seiberg's M fields. The bulk duality that we observed translates into a two-dimensional duality on the world sheet of the non-Abelian strings. At large \xi the internal dynamics of the semilocal non-Abelian strings is described by the sigma model of N orientational and (N_f-N) size moduli, while at small \xi the roles of orientational and size moduli interchange. The BPS spectra of two dual sigma models (describing confined monopoles/dyons of the bulk theory) coincide. It would be interesting to trace parallels between the non-Abelian duality we found and string theory constructions.