Analytical considerations about the cosmological constant and dark energy

TL;DR

This paper introduces new analytical solutions for the universe's scale factor to better understand dark energy and the cosmological constant, linking these solutions to various dark energy models.

Contribution

It presents novel analytical solutions for the scale factor that differ from existing models, connecting them to different dark energy equations of state.

Findings

New analytical solutions for the scale factor

Connections established between solutions and dark energy models

Potential insights into universe's accelerated expansion

Abstract

The accelerated expansion of the universe has now been confirmed by several independent observations including those of high redshift type Ia supernovae, and the cosmic microwave background combined with the large scale structure of the Universe. In this work we introduce families of analytical solutions for the scale factor different from the current literature. The knowledge of the scale factor behavior might shed some light on these questions since the entire evolution of a homogeneous isotropic Universe is contained in the scale factor. We use different parameters for these solutions and with these parameters we stablish a connection with the equation of state for different dark energy scenarios.