Interactions between two-dimensional solitons in the diffractive-diffusive Ginzburg-Landau equation with the cubic-quintic nonlinearity

TL;DR

This paper presents a numerical study of 2D soliton collisions in the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation with cubic-quintic nonlinearity, revealing various outcomes including merging, chaos, quasi-elastic scattering, and wobbling dipoles.

Contribution

It provides the first systematic analysis of 2D dissipative soliton collisions in the CQ Ginzburg-Landau model, identifying new collision outcomes such as wobbling dipoles.

Findings

Slow solitons with opposite signs form persistent wobbling dipoles.

Collision outcomes depend on velocity and GVD coefficient, D.

High-velocity collisions tend to be quasi-elastic.

Abstract

We report results of systematic numerical analysis of collisions between two and three stable dissipative solitons in the two-dimensional (2D) complex Ginzburg- Landau equation (CGLE) with the cubic-quintic (CQ) combination of gain and loss terms. The equation may be realized as a model of a laser cavity which includes the spatial diffraction, together with the anomalous group-velocity dispersion (GVD) and spectral filtering acting in the temporal direction. Collisions between solitons are possible due to the Galilean invariance along the spatial axis. Outcomes of the collisions are identified by varying the GVD coefficient, D, and the collision "velocity" (actually, it is the spatial slope of the soliton's trajectory). At small velocities, two or three in-phase solitons merge into a single standing one. At larger velocities, both in-phase soliton pairs and pairs of solitons with opposite signs suffer a transition into a delocalized chaotic state. At still larger velocities, all collisions become quasi-elastic. A new outcome is revealed by collisions between slow solitons with opposite signs: they self-trap into persistent wobbling dipoles, which are found in two modifications (horizontal at smaller D, and vertical if D is larger (the horizontal ones resemble "zigzag" bound states of two solitons known in the 1D CGL equation of the CQ type). Collisions between solitons with a finite mismatch between their trajectories are studied too.