Repulsive Fermi gas in a harmonic trap: Ferromagnetism and spin textures

TL;DR

This paper investigates ferromagnetism and spin textures in a repulsive Fermi gas in a harmonic trap, identifying observable signatures of phase separation and analyzing candidate spin configurations beyond local density approximation.

Contribution

It introduces an energy functional including surface tension effects and compares the energetics of different spin textures in trapped Fermi gases.

Findings

Phase separation occurs beyond a critical interaction strength.

Observable signatures include energy contributions and atom conversion rates.

A hedgehog spin texture can be energetically favored over domain walls.

Abstract

We study ferromagnetism in a repulsively interacting two-component Fermi gas in a harmonic trap. Within a local density approximation, the two components phase-separate beyond a critical interaction strength, with one species having a higher density at the trap center. We discuss several easily observable experimental signatures of this transition. The mean field release energy, its separate kinetic and interaction contributions, as well as the potential energy, all depend on the interaction strength and contain a sharp signature of this transition. In addition, the conversion rate of atoms to molecules, arising from three-body collisions, peaks at an interaction strength just beyond the ferromagnetic transition point. We then go beyond the local density approximation, and derive an energy functional which includes a term that depends on the local magnetization gradient and acts as a `surface tension'. Using this energy functional, we numerically study the energetics of some candidate spin textures which may be stabilized in a harmonic trapping potential at zero net magnetization. We find that a hedgehog state has a lower energy than an `in-out' domain wall state in an isotropic trap. Upon inclusion of trap anisotropy we find that the hedgehog magnetization profile gets distorted due to the surface tension term, this distortion being more apparent for small atom numbers. We estimate that the magnetic dipole interaction does not play a significant role in this system. We consider possible implications for experiments on trapped Li-6 and K-40 gases.