The size evolution of galaxy discs formed within Lambda Cold Dark Matter haloes

TL;DR

This study models the size evolution of galaxy discs within Lambda Cold Dark Matter haloes, showing that galaxy sizes grow inside-out over time and are primarily driven by halo properties, with results aligning with observations.

Contribution

It provides a simplified, astrophysics-driven model of galaxy disc size evolution within LCDM haloes, avoiding uncertain intermediate processes.

Findings

Galaxy stellar and B-band radii grow significantly over time.

Size evolution laws are weakly dependent on galaxy mass or luminosity.

Model predictions agree with observational data on galaxy size evolution.

Abstract

By means of galaxy evolutionary models, we explore the direct consequences of the LCDM cosmogony on the size evolution of galactic discs, avoiding intentionally the introduction of intermediate (uncertain) astrophysical processes. Based on the shape of the rotation curves and guided by a simplicity criterion, we adopt an average galaxy mass baryon fraction of 0.03. In order to study general behaviors, only models with the average initial conditions are analyzed. The stellar and B-band effective radii, R* and RB, of individual galaxies grow significantly with time (inside-out disc formation) with laws that are weakly dependent on mass, M*,or luminosity, LB. However, the change of R* with z at fixed M* is slow; for z<2.5, R*(M*=const) ~ (1+z)^-0.4. On the other hand, the change of RB with z at a fixed LB is strong and resembles the RB decreasing law of the individual models; roughly RB(LB=const) ~ (1+z)^-0.85 for z<0.75, and ~(1+z)^-1.1 for z>0.75. We find also that at z=0, R* ~ M*^0.38 and RB ~ LB^0.40, remaining the slopes of these relations almost the same up to z ~ 3. Our predictions are in reasonable agreement with observational inferences on the typical radius change with z of late-type galaxies more luminous (massive) than high values imposed by the selection effects. The models seem also to be consistent, within the large scatter, with the RB and LB values obtained from non complete samples of sub-L* late-type galaxies with available rest-frame photometric information at different z's. The properties and evolution of the LCDM haloes seem to be the main drivers of galaxy disc size evolution. Nevertheless, the models reveal a potential difficulty in explaining the observed steepening of the RB-LB relation with respect to the R*-M* one, an effect related to the well established color-magnitude relation.