Global Regularity for the Navier-Stokes equations with large, slowly varying initial data in the vertical direction

TL;DR

This paper extends the understanding of global regularity for the Navier-Stokes equations by analyzing large, slowly varying initial data in the vertical direction within the full space, overcoming low-frequency challenges.

Contribution

It investigates the global regularity for Navier-Stokes with large, slowly varying vertical initial data in ^3, bridging well and ill-prepared data cases in the full space setting.

Findings

Established global regularity for a new class of initial data in ^3.

Overcame difficulties from very low horizontal frequencies.

Used analytical estimates and nonlinear structure in the proof.

Abstract

In a recent article, J.-Y. Chemin, I. Gallagher and M. Paicu obtained a class of large initial data generating a global smooth solution to the three dimensional, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. This data varies slowly in the vertical direction (is a function on $\epsilon x_3$) and has a norm which blows up as the small parameter goes to zero. This type of initial data can be seen as the "ill prepared" case (in opposite with the "well prepared" case which was treated previously by J.-Y. Chemin and I. Gallagher). In that paper, the fluid evolves in a special domain, namely $\Omega=T^2_h\times\R_v$. The choice of a periodic domain in the horizontal variable plays an important role. The aim of this article is to study the case where the fluid evolves in the full spaces $\R^3$, case where we need to overcome the difficulties coming from very low horizontal frequencies. We consider in this paper an intermediate situation between the "well prepared" case and "ill prepared" situation (the norms of the horizontal components of initial data are small but the norm of the vertical component blows up as the small parameter goes to zero). The proof uses the analytical-type estimates and the special structure of the nonlinear term of the equation.