Catalytic phi meson production in heavy-ion collisions

TL;DR

This paper proposes that hyperon and anti-kaon induced reactions are significant, previously overlooked sources of phi mesons in heavy-ion collisions, especially at energies above 130 MeV and longer collision times.

Contribution

It introduces a new mechanism for phi meson production via hyperon and anti-kaon reactions, showing they can dominate over traditional processes in certain energy regimes.

Findings

Catalytic reactions can surpass traditional phi production cross sections.

These reactions are effective if temperature exceeds 130 MeV and collision duration is over 10 fm.

Potential impact on phi yield and distribution patterns in heavy-ion collisions.

Abstract

The phi meson production on hyperons, pi Y --> phi Y and anti-kaons bar-K N--> phi Y is argued to be a new efficient source of phi mesons in a nucleus-nucleus collision. These reactions are not suppressed according to Okubo-Zweig-Izuka rule in contrast to the processes with non-strange particles in the entrance channels, pi B and BB with B=N,Delta. A rough estimate of the cross sections within a simple hadronic model shows that the cross sections of pi Y-->phi Y and bar-K N-->phi Y reactions can exceed that of the pi N--> phi N reaction by factors 50 and 60, respectively. In the hadrochemical model for nucleus-nucleus collisions at SIS and lower AGS energies we calculate the evolution of strange particle populations and phi meson production rate due to the new processes. It is found that the catalytic reactions can be operative if the maximal temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions is larger than 130 MeV and the collision time is larger than 10 fm. A possible influence of the catalytic reactions on the centrality dependence of the phi yield at AGS energies and the phi rapidity distributions at SPS energies is discussed.