Weak lensing observations of potentially X-ray underluminous galaxy clusters

TL;DR

This study uses weak gravitational lensing to independently measure the masses of galaxy clusters and assess their X-ray luminosity, confirming A 315 as X-ray underluminous and questioning previous findings for A 1456.

Contribution

It applies weak lensing analysis to verify the X-ray underluminous nature of specific galaxy clusters, providing a new independent mass measurement approach.

Findings

A 315 is significantly X-ray underluminous for its mass.

No significant lensing signal detected for A 1456.

Re-evaluation suggests A 1456 was likely misclassified.

Abstract

Optically selected clusters of galaxies display a relation between their optical mass estimates and their X-ray luminosities Lx that has a large scatter. A substantial fraction of optically selected clusters have Lx estimates or upper limits significantly below the values expected from the Lx-mass relation established for X-ray selected clusters, i.e., these clusters are X-ray underluminous for their mass. We attempt to confirm or falsify the X-ray underluminous nature of two clusters, Abell 315 and Abell 1456, by using weak gravitational lensing as a third and independent measure of the clusters' masses. We obtained optical wide-field imaging data and selected background galaxies using their colors and measured the shear exerted by the tidal field of the foreground galaxy clusters. We then fitted parametrized models to our shear catalogs. After accounting for projections of large-scale structure and halo triaxiality, we find that A 315 is significantly X-ray underluminous for its mass, while no significant lensing signal was detected for A 1456. We re-evaluate earlier kinematic and X-ray analyses of these two clusters and discuss the nature of the X-ray underluminous cluster A 315 and why A 1456 was probably erroneously identified as being X-ray underluminous.