The Vela Cloud: A Giant HI Anomaly in the NGC 3256 Group

TL;DR

This study uses ATCA observations to analyze the Vela Cloud, a large intergalactic HI structure in the NGC 3256 group, revealing its properties, possible tidal origin, and potential evolution into high velocity clouds.

Contribution

It provides detailed observational data on the Vela Cloud, suggesting its tidal origin and exploring its potential evolution into high velocity clouds, which is a novel insight.

Findings

Vela Cloud has an HI mass of 3-5 x 10^9 solar masses.

Contains 4 density enhancements with ~10^8 solar masses each.

Enhancements unlikely to form massive bound stellar systems.

Abstract

We present Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) observations of a galaxy-sized intergalactic HI cloud (the Vela Cloud) in the NGC 3256 galaxy group. The group contains the prominent merging galaxy NGC 3256, which is surrounded by a number of HI fragments, the tidally disturbed galaxy NGC 3263, and several other peculiar galaxies. The Vela Cloud, with an HI mass of 3-5 * 10**9 solar masses, resides southeast of NGC 3256 and west of NGC 3263, within an area of 9' x 16' (100 kpc x 175 kpc for an adopted distance of 38 Mpc). In our ATCA data the Vela Cloud appears as 3 diffuse components and contains 4 density enhancements. The Vela Cloud's properties, together with its group environment, suggest that it has a tidal origin. Each density enhancement contains ~10**8 solar masses of HI gas which is sufficient material for the formation of globular cluster progenitors. However, if we represent the enhancements as Bonnor-Ebert spheres, then the pressure of the surrounding HI would need to increase by at least a factor of 6 in order to cause the collapse of an enhancement. Thus we do not expect them to form massive bound stellar systems like super star clusters or tidal dwarf galaxies. Since the HI density enhancements have some properties in common with High Velocity Clouds, we explore whether they may evolve to be identified with these starless clouds instead.