The Jet-Heated X-ray Filament in the Centaurus A Northern Middle Radio Lobe

TL;DR

This study analyzes X-ray observations of the Centaurus A galaxy, revealing transient, thermally emitting knots likely formed by jet interactions, and uncovers a large-scale gas halo, providing insights into AGN activity and galaxy environment.

Contribution

First detailed X-ray analysis of the Centaurus A filament revealing thermal knots and a large gas halo, suggesting jet-induced shock heating and galaxy evolution processes.

Findings

X-ray knots are thermally dominated with high internal pressures.

Knots are short-lived, likely formed by jet interactions rather than AGN radiation.

Discovery of a large-scale gas halo around Centaurus A.

Abstract

We present results from a 40 ks {\em XMM-Newton} observation of the X-ray filament coincident with the southeast edge of the Centaurus A Northern Middle Radio Lobe (NML). We find that the X-ray filament consists of five spatially resolved X-ray knots embedded in a continuous diffuse bridge. The spectrum of each knot is well fitted by a thermal model with temperatures ranging from 0.3-0.7 keV and subsolar elemental abundances. In four of the five knots, non-thermal models are a poor fit to the spectra, conclusively ruling out synchrotron or IC/CMB mechanisms for their emission. The internal pressures of the knots exceed that of the ambient ISM or the equipartition pressure of the NML by more than an order of magnitude, demonstrating that they must be short lived ($\sim3\times10^6$ yrs). Based on energetic arguments, it is implausible that these knots have been ionized by the beamed flux from the active galactic nucleus of Cen A or that they have been shock-heated by supersonic inflation of the NML. In our view, the most viable scenario for the origin of the X-ray knots is that they are the result of cold gas shock heated by a direct interaction with the jet. The lifetimes of the X-ray knots in the NML are roughly the same as the age of the strong shock around the SW inner lobe, suggesting they were created in the same AGN outburst. The most plausible model of the NML is that it is a bubble from a previous outburst that is being re-energized by the current outburst. We also report the discovery of a large scale (at least 35 kpc radius) gas halo around Cen A.