Cosmogenic Production as a Background in Searching for Rare Physics Processes

TL;DR

This paper recalculates cosmogenic isotope production rates using updated cosmic-ray data, highlighting their significance as backgrounds in rare physics experiments like dark matter detection and neutrinoless double-beta decay.

Contribution

It provides new calculations of cosmogenic activation rates with updated cosmic-ray flux measurements and assesses their impact as backgrounds in rare physics searches.

Findings

Cosmogenic isotopes can cause significant background signals.

Updated calculations align with experimental constraints.

Cosmogenic activation must be carefully managed in experiments.

Abstract

We revisit calculations of the cosmogenic production rates for several long-lived isotopes that are potential sources of background in searching for rare physics processes such as the detection of dark matter and neutrinoless double-beta decay. Using updated cosmic-ray neutron flux measurements, we use TALYS 1.0 to investigate the cosmogenic activation of stable isotopes of several detector targets and find that the cosmogenic isotopes produced inside the target materials and cryostat can result in large backgrounds for dark matter searches and neutrinoless double-beta decay. We use previously published low-background HPGe data to constrain the production of $^{3}H$ on the surface and the upper limit is consistent with our calculation. We note that cosmogenic production of several isotopes in various targets can generate potential backgrounds for dark matter detection and neutrinoless double-beta decay with a massive detector, thus great care should be taken to limit and/or deal with the cosmogenic activation of the targets.